The Indian National Congress session of September 1920 was a pivotal moment in India’s struggle for independence. This historic event, held in Calcutta (now Kolkata), marked a significant shift in the Congress’s approach towards the British Raj, adopting Mahatma Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement as its core strategy. Understanding the location and context of this session is crucial to grasping the trajectory of the Indian independence movement.
The Significance of Calcutta as the Venue
Calcutta, the bustling capital of British India at the time, provided a vibrant backdrop for this crucial session. The city, a center of intellectual and political ferment, was a natural choice for such a momentous gathering. The choice of Calcutta also reflected the growing national sentiment and the desire for self-rule that permeated Indian society. The city’s rich history and its role as a hub of anti-colonial activities added to the symbolic importance of the session.
Why was Calcutta Chosen?
Calcutta was chosen not just for its logistical advantages but also for its symbolic representation of Indian nationalism. The city had witnessed numerous protests and demonstrations against British rule, making it a focal point of the independence movement. Holding the Congress session in Calcutta was a powerful statement of intent, signaling the growing resolve of the Indian people to achieve Swaraj (self-rule).
The Non-Cooperation Movement Takes Center Stage
The September 1920 session was particularly significant because it witnessed the Congress formally adopting Mahatma Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement. This marked a departure from the previous moderate approach and signaled a new phase of resistance against British rule. The non-cooperation movement called for a boycott of British institutions, goods, and services, aiming to cripple the colonial administration through peaceful means.
What was the Non-Cooperation Movement?
The non-cooperation movement, spearheaded by Mahatma Gandhi, aimed to achieve Swaraj through non-violent resistance. It involved boycotting British institutions, including schools, colleges, courts, and government services. It also promoted the use of Khadi (homespun cloth) and encouraged the revival of indigenous industries.
A Turning Point in India’s Freedom Struggle
The Calcutta session of September 1920 proved to be a turning point in the Indian freedom struggle. It laid the groundwork for the mass mobilization of the Indian population against British rule and significantly intensified the struggle for independence. The adoption of the non-cooperation movement marked a shift towards a more assertive and confrontational approach, paving the way for future movements and ultimately contributing to India’s eventual freedom.
How did the Session Impact the Freedom Struggle?
The session galvanised the Indian populace, inspiring millions to participate in the non-cooperation movement. This unified resistance put immense pressure on the British administration and significantly weakened its hold over India.
Conclusion
The Indian National Congress session held in Calcutta in September 1920 was a watershed moment in India’s journey towards independence. The adoption of the non-cooperation movement at this session marked a significant shift in the Congress’s strategy and laid the foundation for future phases of the freedom struggle. The session, held in the vibrant city of Calcutta, resonated with the growing national sentiment and symbolized the unwavering resolve of the Indian people to achieve self-rule.
FAQs
- What was the main outcome of the Congress session of September 1920? The main outcome was the adoption of Mahatma Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement.
- Where was the Congress session of September 1920 held? It was held in Calcutta (now Kolkata).
- Why was the session significant? It marked a turning point in the freedom struggle, shifting towards a more assertive approach.
- Who led the non-cooperation movement? Mahatma Gandhi.
- What was the aim of the non-cooperation movement? To achieve Swaraj (self-rule) through non-violent resistance.
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